Testicular tumours:
Testicular
tumours can be divided into two categories:
- Germ cell tumours
- Sex-cord stromal tumours
Germ cell tumours:
Germ cell tumours are
the most common cancers in men aged 15–35 years but comprise only 1–2% of all
cancers. It again can be divided into the following types:
- Seminoma
- Non-seminoma:
- Choriocarcinomas
- Testicular teratomas
- Embryonal cell cancer
- Yolk sac tumours
Sex-cord stromal tumour:
- Leydig cell tumour: Commonest among sex cord tumours. It has the ability to produce both estrogen and testosterone.
- Tumours arising from the cells of Sertoli
Clinical features of testicular tumours:
- Testicular mass (Often incidental finding as it is usually painless, but it may be painful in some patients)
- Symptoms of metastases to the para-aortic LN with back pain
- Gynaecomastia (if the tumour is hCG secreting)
Investigations of testicular tumours:
- USG of the scrotum
- Tumour markers: α-fetoprotein (AFP), β-hCG, LDH
- A urinary pregnancy test for hCG
- CT or MRI: In the search for metastasis
Treatment of testicular tumours:
- Primary treatment is surgical orchidectomy
- Radiotherapy: For early stage of tumours
- Chemotherapy: Treatment of choice for advanced cancer
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