The causes of lung fibrosis
Apical lung fibrosis:
- TB
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (farmer's lung; bird fancier's disease)
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Radiation
- Sarcoidosis
- Histiocytosis lX
Fibrosis predominantly affecting the upper zone:
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
- Coal worker's pneumoconiosis/ progressive massive fibrosis
- Silicosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Histiocytosis
- Tuberculosis
- Ankylosing spondylitis (rare)
- Cyclophosphamide induced fibrosis
Fibrosis predominantly affecting the lower zone:
- Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
- Most connective tissue disorders e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis (except Ankylosing spondylitis)
- Drug-induced: amiodarone, bleomycin, methotrexate
- Asbestosis
- As a late complication of aspiration pneumonia
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